Moscow Roils a Country on the Edge of Europe and Russia 莫斯科勢力 攪和歐俄間小國摩爾多瓦

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2024/12/13 第515期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 Moscow Roils a Country on the Edge of Europe and Russia 莫斯科勢力 攪和歐俄間小國摩爾多瓦 California Aims to 'Trump-Proof' Climate Rules 加州致力於「防川普變卦」氣候規定

Moscow Roils a Country on the Edge of Europe and Russia 莫斯科勢力 攪和歐俄間小國摩爾多瓦 文/Andrew Higgins and Steven Le 譯/周辰陽 莫斯科勢力 攪和歐俄間小國摩爾多瓦 Moldova's police chief, appointed by a government committed to joining the European Union and leaving Russia's orbit, was alarmed to find his country's capital suddenly plastered with posters bearing a blunt message: "No EU." 摩爾多瓦警察首長震驚地發現，自己國家首都突然貼滿海報，寫著一個直截了當的訊息：「不要歐盟」。此人由一個致力加入歐盟與脫離俄羅斯勢力的政府任命。 The posters — written in Russian and Romanian, Moldova's main language — appeared overnight on bus stops across Chisinau last month, ostensibly part of an advertising campaign for a concert by a popular Russian-speaking singer from Ukraine. 這些海報以俄文和摩爾多瓦主要語言羅馬尼亞文寫成，上個月似乎一夜之間出現在基希納烏各地的公車站，表面上是一個說俄語的烏克蘭流行歌手演唱會宣傳活動一部分。 The timing, however, set off alarm bells: the anti-EU message came just as Moldova, a former Soviet republic, was gearing up for a contentious referendum on whether to amend its constitution to enshrine the "irreversibility" of its "European course." 然而，時機引起警覺：反歐盟訊息出現，正逢前蘇聯加盟共和國摩爾多瓦準備舉行一場有爭議的公投，題目是是否修改憲法，載入歐洲進程的「不可逆轉性」。 The posters had nothing to do with the singer, the police chief Viorel Cernauteanu said, but were part of a "big psychological operation" directed by Russia to derail the referendum, which was held at the same time as a presidential election (Oct.20). 警察首長塞爾納烏泰努說，這些海報跟該歌手無關，而是俄羅斯主導的「大型心理作戰」一部分，要阻撓跟總統選舉同時舉行的公投。 Cernauteanu said he believed the operation was the work of Ilan Shor, a fugitive Moldovan oligarch sheltering in Moscow, citing evidence, which he did not share, that the people who commissioned the posters were linked to the tycoon. 塞爾納烏泰努說，他相信這場行動是藏身莫斯科的摩爾多瓦逃亡寡頭蕭爾安排，稱委託製作海報的人跟這名大亨有關聯。 Shor, who has been sentenced in Moldova to 15 years in jail in connection with the theft of hundreds of millions of dollars from the country's banking system, has for years worked to promote Russia and stoke hostility to the West, but this effort, officials say, has reached a new intensity in recent months. 蕭爾在摩爾多瓦被判處入獄15年，因涉嫌從該國銀行系統盜取數億美元。他多年來一直致力宣傳俄羅斯，並煽動敵視西方，但官員說，這項行動近幾個月達到新的強度。 Sunday's vote on changing the constitution represents the culmination of a decades-long tug of war over Moldova's direction between East and West. Each side has invested heavily in swaying the outcome. While the European Union has done this openly through support for Moldova's economy and its government, Russia has sought to keep the country within its orbit through furtive funding for anti-government activities and what officials and international technology giants describe as a broad campaign of disinformation against the EU. 周日的修憲投票，代表摩爾多瓦在東西方之間數十年來走向拉鋸戰的高潮。兩邊都投入重金想影響結果。歐盟已公開支援摩爾多瓦經濟與政府，俄羅斯則秘密為反政府活動提供資金，加上官員和國際科技巨擘稱之為針對歐盟的廣泛假訊息活動，試圖讓該國保持在自己的勢力範圍內。 The posters against the bloc that appeared in Chisinau were quickly removed, as campaigning for the referendum is restricted to organizations registered with the election commission. 出現在基希納烏的反歐盟海報很快被撕下，因為僅限跟選舉委員會登記的組織才能進行公投宣傳。 California Aims to 'Trump-Proof' Climate Rules 加州致力於「防川普變卦」氣候規定 文/Coral Davenport 譯/周辰陽 加州致力於「防川普變卦」氣候規定 California officials have been working for months to "Trump proof" the state's environmental and climate policies in the event that former President Donald Trump returns to White House and follows through on his promise to gut them. 加州官員幾個月來一直致力讓該州環境與氣候政策「防川普」，以免前總統川普重返白宮，兌現他的承諾徹底摧毀這些政策。 Whether California succeeds could affect other states that follow its emissions rules, and could have global impact because the state's market muscle compels automakers and other companies to conform to California standards. 加州是否成功，可能影響其他採用其排放規則的各州，並可能產生全球影響，因為該州的市場實力強迫汽車製造業者與其他公司遵循加州標準。 The strategy includes lawsuits designed to reach settlements with industries that generate greenhouse gases, and new rules and laws that would be beyond the reach of the federal administration. 該策略包括提起訴訟，旨在跟產生溫室氣體的產業達成和解，以及聯邦政府無法觸及的新規定和法律。 California is requiring about three-quarters of new trucks sold after 2035 to be zero emissions. The state is also seeking permission from the Biden administration to ban sales of new gas-powered passenger vehicles after 2035. 加州正要求2035年後銷售的新卡車約四分之三實現零排放。該州也正尋求拜登政府的許可，在2035年後禁止銷售新的汽油動力乘用車。 Both rules are far tougher than federal policy and could have influence beyond the United States. China and the European Union have already adopted parts of California's car and truck tailpipe-emissions reduction programs. 2個規定都遠比聯邦政策嚴格，並且可能產生超出美國的影響力。中國和歐盟已採納加州汽車和卡車排氣管排放減少計畫的部分內容。 The Democratic-controlled state Legislature has also passed a first-in-the-nation law requiring major companies to disclose their greenhouse emissions. And it has strengthened the authority of local governments to shut down oil and gas projects. 民主黨控制的州議會也通過一部全國首創的法律，要求大公司揭露它們的溫室氣體排放量，還加強了地方政府關閉石油和天然氣計畫的權限。 Under a provision of the 1970 Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection Agency has for decades given California a waiver that allows it to enact strict pollution controls. Federal law also allows other states under certain circumstances to adopt California's standards. 根據1970年清淨空氣法的一個條款，環保署數十年來賦予加州豁免權，允許其制定嚴格的汙染控制措施。聯邦法律也允許其他各州在某些情況下，採納加州標準。 Sixteen states have pledged to follow the California car rule and 10 states have adopted the truck rule, meaning the regulations would apply to about 40% the U.S. auto market. 16個州已承諾採用加州汽車規則，10個州已採納卡車規則，意味著該法規將適用於約40%的美國汽車市場。 Trump has promised to revoke the waiver. "California has imposed the most ridiculous car regulations anywhere in the world, with mandates to move to all electric cars," Trump has said. "I will terminate that." 川普已承諾撤銷該豁免權，「加州實施了舉世最荒謬的汽車法規，要求轉向全電動車」，川普說，「我會將其終結」。 California's Democratic governor, Gavin Newsom, has made it clear that he intends to forge ahead on environmental regulation. 加州民主黨籍州長紐森已表明，他打算在環境規範方面奮力前進。 "California has long led the nation in pioneering climate policies and innovation," Newsom said. "Those efforts will continue for years to come." 紐森說，「在開創性氣候政策與創新方面，加州長期以來一直領導全國，這些努力將在未來幾年繼續」。 Other top Democrats in the state, including Attorney General Rob Bonta, are working with the state's climate regulator on the "Trump-proofing" strategy. 該州其他民主黨高層官員，包括州檢察長邦塔，正跟該州氣候監管機構在「防川普」策略上合作。

•跟中國打價格戰無異自殺 台灣「薄膜王」贏家3關鍵 面臨中國過剩產能殺戮，製造業成慘業、營運績效節節敗退已非新鮮事，但台灣卻有19家「角落贏家」戰勝紅海，闖出高毛利。KPMG工業產業主持人劉彥伯分析，「不要看台灣這些隱形冠軍規模小，他們都滿賺錢的。」以全球前3大熱塑性聚氨酯（TPU）薄膜產品供應商——鼎基先進材料為例，究竟，這些角落贏家保有競爭力、致勝的祕密是什麼？ •首爾砸百億 預防孤獨死 每年有數千名南韓人孤獨死亡，其中多數為中年男子，他們的屍體往往數日後才會被發現。首爾市政府10月21日宣布，未來5年將斥資4513億韓元（約台幣104億元），打造「無孤獨首爾」。首爾市府將供應中老年居民營養餐食，安排心理諮商服務，並設置「搜尋系統」來協助獨居民眾。

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