2017年1月23日 星期一

Pictures from the Floating World  江戶浮世百態的寫照 ── 浮世繪


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Pictures from the Floating World  江戶浮世百態的寫照 ── 浮世繪
Ukiyo-e is one of Japan's most famous types of art.
浮世繪是日本最知名的藝術形式之一。




  In the 1600's, the Japanese capital moved from Kyoto to Tokyo. In the new capital, business was growing fast and traders suddenly had lots of money to spend. This gave rise to the ukiyo, or the floating world, which describes the urban lifestyle of gambling, red-light districts, and more, during this time period. The art of the age changed to show this and ukiyo-e, pictures of the floating world, was born.
  Ukiyo-e used a new, much faster method developed at this time: woodblock printing. First, the artist, normally a trained painter, designed the image. Next, a woodworker carved the images onto woodblocks. Finally, a printer used these woodblocks to print the image onto paper. Because they could be mass-produced, these prints were much more inexpensive than paintings, and popular art became no longer just for the wealthy.
  Traditional Japanese art focused on the beauty of nature or the lives of the rich. The colorful ukiyo-e prints took art in a new direction by focusing on more common subjects such as sumo wrestlers, geishas, common people, and ghosts. As the content continued to change, artists went beyond the world of entertainment and ukiyo-e became one of Japan's most distinct art forms.


 

  十七世紀時,日本首都從京都遷到東京。在新首都,商業快速發達,商人突然有很多錢可以花。這導致浮世(英文又稱 floating world)的出現,其描述的是這個時期的都市生活型態,像是賭博、綠燈戶和其他更多方面。這時期的藝術轉變到展現此層面,於是浮世繪(英文又稱 pictures of the floating world)誕生了。
  浮世繪使用這時期發展的一種又新又快的方法製作:木版畫技術。首先,藝術家,通常是受過訓練的畫家,設計圖像。接著,雕版師在木板上雕刻出圖形。最後,刷版師用這些木板轉印圖案到紙上。由於它們可以被大量生產,這些印刷品比繪畫更加便宜,受歡迎的藝術變成不再只是富人的專屬。
  傳統日本藝術聚焦在自然之美或富人的生活。繽紛多彩的浮世繪以聚焦在更通俗的題材像是相撲手、藝妓、平民百姓和神鬼的方式,來把藝術帶往一個新領域。隨著繪畫內容不斷改變,藝術家超越了娛樂界,浮世繪也成為了日本最獨特的藝術形式之一。

 
  1. lifestyle n. 生活型態
    The media spends a lot of time reporting on celebrity lifestyles.
    媒體花了很多時間報導名流的生活方式。
  2. method n. 方法
    Peter introduced a new method of teaching English.
    彼得引進了一種新的英語教學法。
  3. carve vt. 刻,雕刻
    The couple carved their names into the tree.
    那對情侶把他們的名字刻在樹上。
  4. mass-produce vt. 大量生產
    The company decided to mass-produce this electric car.
    這家公司決定大量生產這種電動車。
  5. no longer  不再
    Julia and Sandy are no longer best friends.
    茱莉亞和珊蒂不再是死黨了。
  6. focus on...  注重/著重於……
    The upcoming meeting will focus on our production schedule.
    即將舉行的會議將著重在我們的生產時間表上。
  7. colorful a. 色彩豐富的,顏色鮮豔的
    The stream is filled with colorful fish.
    這條河中有許多色彩繽紛的魚。
  8. continue to V  繼續……
    Although learning Chinese is hard, William will still continue to study it.
    雖然學中文很難,但是威廉仍然要繼續學下去。

woodblock n. 木刻印版
sumo n. 相撲
wrestler n. 摔角手
geisha n. 藝妓
distinct a. 明顯不同的,獨特的

字首 in- 的用法
本文 "Because they could be mass-produced, these prints were much more inexpensive than paintings, and popular art became no longer just for the wealthy." 中的 inexpensive 表『不昂貴的』,其字首 in- 表『不,無,非』,常見的字有 insensitive(不敏感的;置之不理的)和 inappropriate(不適當的)。例:

John is insensitive to others' remarks.
(約翰對別人的話置之不理。)

Your short dress is inappropriate for a formal party.
(妳的短洋裝不適合在正式宴會上穿。)


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