2021年9月2日 星期四

Greek Island Is New Epicenter of Europe’s Summer of Calamity 希臘島嶼 成為歐洲熱浪災情新震央


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2021/09/03 第349期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Greek Island Is New Epicenter of Europe's Summer of Calamity 希臘島嶼 成為歐洲熱浪災情新震央
'We're Living in Hell': Inside Mexico's Most Terrified City 「我們活在地獄裡」 墨西哥最暴力城市居民心聲
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Greek Island Is New Epicenter of Europe's Summer of Calamity 希臘島嶼 成為歐洲熱浪災情新震央
文/Jason Horowitz
譯/陳韋廷

希臘島嶼 成為歐洲熱浪災情新震央

Amid twisted cages and scorched trees, Harilaos Tertipis stepped out of his ruined stables dragging the charred corpses of his sheep — burned, like so much else, in the wildfires that have raged across Greece.

在扭曲的籠子與燒焦樹木中,哈里勞斯.特提畢司拖著羊的屍體從他被毀掉馬廄中走出來,這隻羊跟其他許多羊一樣,在肆虐希臘的野火中被燒死。

As the survivors of his flock huddled together on a roadside hill below, the bells on their necks clanging and their legs singed, he said that if he had stayed with his animals instead of rushing home to protect his family and house, "I wouldn't be here now."

他倖存的羊群在下面路邊小山擠成一團,牠們脖子上的鈴鐺叮噹作響,牠們的腿燒焦了。他說,若他跟他的動物待在一塊,沒有趕回家保護家人和房子的話,「我現在就不在這裡了」。

As of Friday, the fires around the northern parts of Evia, Greece's second-largest island, had destroyed more than 120,000 acres of pine forest, razed homes and displaced hundreds of people. They have brought assistance from more than 20 countries and been declared "a natural disaster of unprecedented dimensions" by the Greek prime minister.

截至周五,希臘第二大島艾維亞島北部大火已摧毀超過12萬英畝松樹林,夷平房屋導致數以百計人流離失所。這場大火帶來了20多國援助,並被希臘總理宣布為「規模空前的自然災害」。

The fires, fueled by a record-breaking heat wave that has touched temperatures of up to 46 degrees Celsius, have caused political recriminations, economic disaster and biblical scenes of destruction.

這場大火,由高達攝氏46度的破紀錄熱浪引發,導致了政治上的相互指責、經濟災難和有如聖經描述的毀滅性場景。

But they seem less a random act of God than another inevitable episode of Europe's extreme weather brought on by the man-made climate change that scientists have now concluded is irreversible.

大火看來並非上帝的隨機行為,而是人為氣候變遷給歐洲帶來另一場不可避免的極端天氣事件。科學家們現在認為氣候變遷不可逆轉。

Europe has always considered itself a climate leader, last month pledging to cut emissions by 55% over the next decade and calling this "a make-or-break moment" for the planet "before we reach irreversible tipping points."

歐洲一直認為自己是氣候問題領袖,上月承諾未來十年將其碳排放量削減55%,並稱這是地球「在我們達到不可逆轉臨界點之前」的「成敗時刻」。

But a string of disasters this summer has left many to wonder whether that tipping point is already here, driving home the realization that climate change is no longer a distant threat for future generations, but an immediate scourge affecting rich and poor nations alike.

但今年夏天的一系列災難讓許多人懷疑臨界點是否已經到來,促使人們意識到氣候變遷不再是對後代子孫的遙遠威脅,而是同時影響富國和窮國的直接禍害。

Beyond the fires that have raged in the American West, or in Turkey and Algeria, virtually no corner of Europe has been untouched by a bewildering array of calamities, whether fire, flood or heat.

除在美國西部、土耳其和阿爾及利亞肆虐的大火外,歐洲幾乎沒一個角落未遭遇到一系列引發混亂的災害,包括火災、洪水或高溫。

Sweltering temperatures have set off wildfires in Sweden, Finland and Norway. Formerly once-in-a-millennium flooding in Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and the Netherlands killed at least 196 people.

酷熱氣溫已在瑞典、芬蘭與挪威引發野火,之前在德國、比利時、瑞士與荷蘭,千年一遇的洪水造成至少196人喪生。

"It's not just Greece," said Vasilis Vathrakoyiannis, a spokesperson for the Greek fire service. "It's the whole European ecosystem."

希臘消防單位發言人瓦希利斯.瓦特拉科揚尼斯說:「不只是希臘,而是整個歐洲的生態系統有狀況。」

The shifting epicenter of natural disaster has now fallen on Evia, a densely wooded island northeast of Athens, Greece, once best known for its beekeepers and resin producers, its olive groves and seaside resorts, and now a capital of the consequences of a warming planet.

自然災害的震央現已落在艾維亞島上,一座位在希臘雅典東北部森林茂密的島嶼,當地曾以養蜂與樹脂生產、橄欖園和海濱度假勝地而聞名,如今則是地球暖化的後果之都。

 
'We're Living in Hell': Inside Mexico's Most Terrified City 「我們活在地獄裡」 墨西哥最暴力城市居民心聲
文/Oscar Lopez
譯/莊蕙嘉

「我們活在地獄裡」 墨西哥最暴力城市居民心聲

The violence was already terrifying, she said, when grenades exploded outside her church in broad daylight some five years ago. Then children in town were kidnapped, disappearing without a trace. Then the bodies of the executed were dumped in city streets.

她說,大約五年前,光天化日下手榴彈在她的教會外爆炸,這種暴力已經夠嚇人了。接著鎮上的孩子被綁架,消失得無影無蹤。然後他們被處刑的屍體丟棄在城市街道上。

And then came the day last month when armed men burst into her home, dragged her 15-year-old son and two of his friends outside and shot them to death, leaving Guadalupe — who didn't want her full name published out of fear of the men — too terrified to leave the house.

接下來是上個月的那一天,武裝男子闖進她家,將她的15歲兒子和兒子兩個友人拖出屋外射殺,讓瓜達魯佩太過驚嚇以致於不敢離開家,因為害怕那些男子,她不希望刊出全名。

"I do not want the night to come," she said, through tears. "Living with fear is no life at all."

「我不希望黑夜來臨」,她流著淚說,「活在恐懼中完全不是人過的日子」。

For most of the population of Fresnillo, a mining city in central Mexico, a fearful existence is the only one they know; 96% of residents say they feel unsafe, the highest percentage of any city in Mexico, according to a recent survey from Mexico's national statistics agency.

對於弗雷斯尼約這個墨西哥中部礦城的大多數人而言,他們知道的只有一項可怕現實。根據墨西哥國家統計局最近一項調查,96%居民說他們感覺不安全,是墨西哥所有城市比率最高者。

The economy can boom and bust, presidents and parties and their promises can come and go, but for the city's 140,000 people, as for many in Mexico, there is a growing sense that no matter what changes, the violence endures.

經濟可以暴起大落,總統和政黨以及他們的承諾來來去去,但對這座城市的14萬人來說,如同墨西哥許多城市,不論有什麼改變,暴力依舊持續,這種意見正在增加。

In 2018, during his run for president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador offered a grand vision to remake Mexico. Instead of arresting and killing traffickers as previous leaders had done, he would focus on the causes of violence: "hugs not bullets," he called it. He was swept to victory.

2018年總統選戰期間,羅培茲提出重塑墨西哥的遠大願景,他不像歷任領導人所做的逮捕並殺掉壞蛋,而是聚焦暴力的成因,他稱之為「擁抱而非子彈」。他壓倒式勝選。

But three years after his landslide win, and with his Morena party in control of Congress, the drumbeat of death continues, suggesting that López Obrador's approach has failed, fueling in many a paralyzing helplessness.

但在他壓倒式勝利以及他的國家復興運動黨掌控國會三年後,死亡的鼓聲持續著,暗示羅培茲的方法已經失敗,激起許多人有如麻痹的無助感。

"We're living in hell," said Victor Piña, who ran for mayor of Fresnillo in the June elections and watched an aide gunned down beside him during a pre-campaign event.

「我們活在地獄裡」,今年6月參選弗雷斯尼約市長的維克多.皮納說,他在一場選前活動中看到一名幕僚在他身旁遭槍擊。

Zacatecas, the state Fresnillo is in, has the country's highest murder rate, with 122 deaths in June, according to the Mexican government. Across Mexico, murders have dropped less than 1% since López Obrador took office, according to the country's statistics agency. That was enough for the president to claim that there had been an improvement on a problem his administration inherited.

弗雷斯尼約所在的薩卡特卡斯州,謀殺率為全國最高,根據墨西哥政府,6月有122人死亡。根據國家統計局,羅培茲上任以來,墨西哥全國各地謀殺率下降不到1%,這已足夠讓總統宣稱,在他的政府上任後,這個問題已有改善。

Many in Fresnillo disagree.

弗雷斯尼約的許多人不這麼認為。

"'Hugs not bullets' doesn't work," said Javier Torres Rodríguez, whose brother was shot and killed in 2018. "We're losing the ability to be shocked."

「擁抱而非子彈沒有用」,哈維耶.托雷斯.羅里奎茲說,他的兄弟2018年遭槍擊死亡,「我們正失去感到震驚的能力」。

 
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